Drum machines are electronic instruments fundamental to creating percussive sounds, beats, and patterns across numerous music genres, particularly electronic, hip-hop, and pop. They function by generating sounds either through sampling pre-recorded audio, synthesizing sounds electronically, or modeling acoustic drums. A key feature is their pattern sequencing capability, often achieved via step sequencers or real-time recording. Modern drum machines offer various connectivity options and may include built-in effects. Historically significant models like the analog Roland TR-808 and TR-909 have profoundly influenced music history. While software versions are common today, hardware drum machines remain popular for their tactile interfaces and distinct sonic qualities, continuing to be essential tools for both live performance and studio production.