Samplers are electronic musical instruments that allow users to record, manipulate, and play back audio recordings, known as samples. These samples can be virtually any sound, from a single drum hit or a vocal phrase to entire instrumental passages. Samplers function by converting incoming audio into a digital format, storing it in memory, and then allowing the user to trigger and manipulate this audio via a keyboard, pads, or a sequencer. Manipulation can include altering the pitch, tempo, applying effects, looping sections, and even rearranging the sample's components. This capability has made samplers indispensable tools in various genres, particularly hip-hop, electronic music, and pop, enabling artists to create unique sounds, textures, and rhythmic patterns by repurposing existing audio.